Renovating a House with Subsidence and Wall Cracks

Renovating a House with Subsidence and Wall Cracks

๐™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐˜พ๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™š

It's really important to find the actual cause of the cracks, so that any repairs will last and cracks don't re-appear again and again.

๐™€๐™ญ๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ง๐™ฉ ๐™€๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š๐™š๐™ง ๐™๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ฉ

That's why the owner of this Carindale house called Forensic Engineers to prepare an expert Structural Engineer Report.

Our expert investigation found old and recent subsidence & cracks, and footing settlements as well as footing rotation (leaning). We also identified that the house was built on an old gully that had been filled in and the landfill was subsiding bit-by-bit, year-after-year and this was causing the house cracks.

๐™’๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™™๐™ค ๐™‰๐™š๐™ญ๐™ฉ

Our expert Structural Engineer Report found that Stabilizing the footings and permanent wall crack repair would require underpinning of most of the house footings with conventional underpinning.

๐™๐™ค๐™ง๐™š๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™€๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ƒ๐™š๐™ก๐™ฅ

Home renovations are expensive, so if there are any worrying wall or ceiling cracks, it's really important to make sure the foundations are stable by getting an expert independent Engineer Subsidence Report from Forensic Engineers from the get-go


Underpinning Assessment

Subsidence & Wall Cracks: Underpinning Free Home Assessment was Wrong

The owner of this townhouse had a free wall cracks assessment from a very chatty & charming underpinning sales rep.
And the underpinning sales rep told him that these wall cracks were caused by very serious subsidence and that Underpinning was needed URGENTLY!
๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ธ ๐—ด๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€ ๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐˜‚๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—™๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€.
At Forensic Engineers we specialize in expert subsidence reports that identify how serious damage are and what are the root causes. And most importantly, we are 100% independent and have the property owners interests at heart.
In this case, our comprehensive investigation found that there had only been some very slight footing movements.
And, the scary cracks were just fine cracks in highly weathered wall render and there had been a build-up of black mould!
Yes. The underpinning sales rep did not even know the difference between mould and serious wall cracks & subsidence.
Forensic Engineers are the wall crack & subsidence specialists.
We are 100% independent.
We are on your side and we are definitely not trying to sell you any underpinning.

EXPERT ENGINEER WALL CRACK & SUBSIDENCE REPORTS FORENSIC ENGINEERS ARE HERE TO HELP!

EXPERT ENGINEER WALL CRACK & SUBSIDENCE REPORTS: FORENSIC ENGINEERS ARE HERE TO HELP!

FORENSIC ENGINEERS ARE HERE TO HELP!

Wall, ceiling or floor slab cracks may be simple wear & tear, or they may be a sign of something more serious.

It may Subsidence that has occurred in the past and was not serious and has stopped. Or it may be serious Subsidence that could be getting worse and worse.

And there are also cases where subsidence & cracks have cleverly been covered up, particularly with houses that are renovated & "flipped".

Forensic Engineers are the subsidence experts and are here to help!

Expert advice from Forensic Engineers: Our expert Structural Engineer Reports identify old and new subsidence and cracks and determine if they are serious or wear-and-tear.

And we identify if they are likely to get worse and if any stabilizing or underpinning is necessary.

Peace-of-Mind; Building cracks can develop due to normal wear & tear or from foundation movements and Forensic Engineers are the independent experts to turn to for an expert analysis and for peace-of-mind.


Structural Engineer Reports - Every Day

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER REPORTS - Every Day.

Case #1; a Townhouse in Pimpama

This unit had wall Cracks and we found they had occurred some time ago, had not grown and were not serious. The townhouse is sound-as-a-pound!

Case #2; a house at Paradise Point

A column that had settled and fractured. Very soft sands and a leaking storm drain were the causes and the footing needed underpinning. Problem solved!.

Case #3; a house in Silkstone

The house had some footing movements which were not serious. Thank goodness, because Silkstone is renowned for highly plastic clay soil which can cause serious foundation movements and house damages. Peace-of-mind for the home owner.

Case #4; a unit in Annerley

A unit with some scary ceiling cracks which were were not serious and simple to repair. Patch and paint only required.

Inspection #5 was in Brookwater

An insurance claim where a car had crashed into a retaining wall and fence. Our investigation for the insurer found the the damages to the retaining wall were limited to one post being pushed sideways. Post & footing needed replacement and the wall wales could be re-used. The insurer and the home owner were very happy with our report.

Expert Structural Engineer Reports - Every Day


COOMERA WATERS SUBSIDENCE DAMAGE

SUBSIDENCE, WALL CRACKS, STRUCTURAL ENGINEER REPORT.

The owners of this house at Coomera Waters found some cracks and gaps and called Forensic Engineers.
Our investigation found that the cracks & gaps were not so large and the building level variations were not excessive. However, our thorough investigation also found that part of the house was located on loose landfill which was gradually settling. And stabilizing the house would require some underpinning.
And, our expert engineer report indicated the underpinning locations, the best types of underpins and the best underpinners for the work.
The property owners were incredibly relieved that they had a positive plan to fix their precious home and could move forward with confidence.
Locally Based.
Forensic Engineers are based on the Gold Coast and service SE Qld & Nth NSW.
Extensive Experience.
We have decades of experience in soil test / geotechnical engineering as well as decades of subsidence & wall crack investigation experience. And our Structural Engineer reports draw on that knowledge of ground conditions that cause footing movements and house damages.

Home owners, buyers and sellers with house subsidence or wall crack problems

Forย  peace-of-mind, contact Forensic Engineers for an expert, independent Structural Engineer Report.

๐—›๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐˜€-๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—น ๐—ง๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฒ๐˜…๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ต๐—ผ ๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ & ๐—ช๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น ๐—–๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ธ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€.

Subsidence Investigations Require Soil Testing Knowledge

๐—›๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐˜€-๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—น ๐—ง๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฒ๐˜…๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—พ๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ & ๐—ช๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น ๐—–๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ธ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€.

And Forensic Engineers Staff have decades of that experience, having previously worked in;

  • soil test drilling
  • soil lab testing
  • oil descriptions
  • site classifications
  • footing and slab designs; strip, pad and edge beam footings, conventional and waffle pod slabs
  • deep footing piering; conventional concrete piers, push-piles, small diameter driven timber piles and steel screw piles
  • Foundation Underpinning; conventional concrete, polyurethane resin, timber piles and steel screw piers.

๐‘จ๐’๐’… ๐’๐’–๐’“ ๐’Œ๐’๐’๐’˜๐’๐’†๐’…๐’ˆ๐’† ๐’๐’‡ ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’Š๐’๐’๐’‚๐’ ๐’”๐’๐’Š๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’๐’…๐’Š๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’๐’” ๐’Š๐’” ๐’”๐’†๐’„๐’๐’๐’…-๐’•๐’-๐’๐’๐’๐’†, ๐’Š๐’๐’„๐’๐’–๐’…๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ

  • areas with highly plastic clay soils
  • poorly compacted land fill
  • alluvial deposits
  • compressible soils
  • organic and acid-sulphate soils.

๐—ข๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐˜€-๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฒ๐˜…๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ; real soil testing experience and skills.

It is essential that any engineers offering subsidence reports actually have local Queensland experience in soil testing and geotechnical behavior.

Very Important: When deciding on an engineer for a subsidence & wall crack inspection, make sure the engineers have actually done field and lab soil testing themselves.

With over 5000 cases completed in the last 12 years, and decades of actual Soil Testing, Site Classification and Slab Design hands-on experience, Forensic Engineers are the best choice for Structural Engineer Reports for subsidence and house foundation problems.


Wall Cracks, Subsidence, Underpinning, Structural Engineer Reports

๐—˜๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜† ๐˜„๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ธ ๐˜„๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ inspecting ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น, ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐˜€๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฏ ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฒ๐˜€.๐—ผ๐—ป ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—š๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฑ ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜, ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—Ÿ๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—ป, ๐—š๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—•๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐˜€๐—ฏ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฒ, ๐—•๐—ฎ๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—œ๐—ฝ๐˜€๐˜„๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ต..

HERE ARE SOME RECENT CASES;

๐Ÿญ) ๐—จ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜„๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ฑ ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ;
Cracks in a nib-wall. We found that there was no footing under this section of the wall and it needed a footing extension to support it. We recommended and expert Repair Builder who completed the new section of footing and repaired the nib-wall quickly and economically.
๐Ÿฎ) ๐—›๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ;
Soil swell ("heave")ย  lifted the driveway slab, but the house is fine.
๐Ÿฏ) ๐—ก๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ;
Some gaps in the exterior and some cracks in the garage slab. But our investigation found there were not any significant footing or slab deflections.
๐—˜๐˜…๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€.
Decades of experience. Fast, Accurate, Independent & Affordable: Contact Forensic Engineers.

Sink Holes, Subsidence, Voids under Footings & Slabs

These are common foundation issues we investigate every day.

Be alert.

Sink Holes can be some simple, localized surface erosion that cannot affect the integrity of structures. Or they can be caused by more serious and deep erosion, deep subsidence or even soil liquefaction.ย  If you find any of these things happening around your home, the most important thing is to get an expert structural engineer report to determine the cause and what needs to be done to ensure your home is stable.

Act now.

In some cases the problem could develop into serious damage which can require expensive repairs.

Peace-of-mind

In some cases the structure may not be affected at all by ground movements, and thank goodness! A report from Forensic Engineers can provide peace-of-mind.
Noticed some ground movements around your home?ย  Contact us for a chat and a free quote to schedule a thorough Engineer Investigation and Report.

Strata and Body Corp Engineer Reports, Wall Cracks, Subsidence, Underpinning

๐—•๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐˜† ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฝ & ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜๐˜€!

In this recent case, the Body Corp called us in to investigate and report on this townhouse with subsidence and wall cracks and gaps that were getting worse and worse.

It turned out that other engineers had previously looked at the building and had decided that subsidence had occurred in the past and had stopped and and the damages were not serious and could be patched and painted. Sadly, they were wrong.

CALL FORENSIC ENGINEERS!

We found that the townhouse was actually located on ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น that was gradually ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด, bit-by-bit, year after year. And stabilization with ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฝ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐˜„๐—ฎ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—น๐˜‚๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป.

In this case, Resin / Chemical Underpinning was not considered appropriate and Steel Screw piers would be far too expensive and unnecessary.

The most reliable and cost effective method was with conventional underpinning using reinforced concrete piers and head-stocks.

๐—™๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—•๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐˜† ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฝ & ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜๐˜€.

  • Our service is first class
  • Quotes in hours
  • Inspections and reports in days not weeks.
  • And very competitive rates.

๐—”๐—ป๐—ฑ, ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—ฏ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ, ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ, ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜† ๐˜๐—ผ ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐Ÿญ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฌ% ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜.


Forensic Engineers

Body Corp: Structural Engineer Report, SUBSIDENCE & WALL CRACKS

๐—•๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐˜† ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฝ: ๐—ช๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น ๐—–๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ธ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€, ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐˜€? ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น ๐—™๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€. Fast, accurate, affordable & great to deal with.
๐—” ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ฐ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜„;
๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ธ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ข๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฃ๐˜บ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜‰๐˜ฐ๐˜ฅ๐˜บ ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ด๐˜ฉ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ต ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ถ๐˜ค๐˜ต ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข๐˜ง๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ณ๐˜ฎ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ข ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ด๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ง๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ & ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ต ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ด.
๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜บ ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฌ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜บ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ข๐˜บ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ๐˜บ ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ, ๐˜ข๐˜ง๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ง๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ญ ๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ธ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฌ ๐˜ธ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜จ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฃ๐˜บ ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ญ ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ฌ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด. ๐˜‰๐˜ฆ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜บ ๐˜จ๐˜ข๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ฎ๐˜ถ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฃ๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฃ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ง ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ถ๐˜ด (๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ค๐˜ค๐˜ถ๐˜ฑ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด) & ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜‰.๐˜Š. ๐˜Š๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ณ.
๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ณ ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ต ๐˜ธ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ต๐˜ญ๐˜บ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ต ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ฌ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ (๐˜Ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฅ ๐˜๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ข๐˜บโ€ฆ๐˜ข ๐˜ฑ๐˜ถ๐˜ฃ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ข๐˜บ).
๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ณ ๐˜ท๐˜ข๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜ฌ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ, ๐˜ฌ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ญ; ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ณ ๐˜ข๐˜ฃ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ญ โ€˜๐˜ข ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆโ€™. ๐˜ž๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜บ ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ฑ๐˜ฑ๐˜บ ๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐˜๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜Œ๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ. ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ถ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฃ๐˜ด ๐˜ถ๐˜ฑ
John & Simone.

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